When the cells are arranged in a single layer (simple epithelia), they facilitate diffusion in tissues, such as the areas of gas exchange in the lungs and the exchange of nutrients and waste at blood capillaries. The walls of blood vessels, the tubes of the digestive system, and the tubes of the reproductive systems are composed of mostly smooth muscle. The types of epithelia are classified by the shapes of cells present and the number of layers of cells. They exist in one layer, but the arrangement of nuclei at different levels makes it appear that there is more than one layer. The large structure with a central nucleus is the cell body of the neuron. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Elastic cartilage has a large amount of elastic fibers, giving it tremendous flexibility. This is called a stratified squamous epithelium and occurs in the skin and in tissues lining the mouth and vagina. Tissues and Organs: Definition & Difference | StudySmarter Erythrocytes are counted in millions in a blood sample: the average number of red blood cells in primates is 4.7 to 5.5 million cells per microliter. tissue, in physiology, a level of organization in multicellular organisms; it consists of a group of structurally and functionally similar cells and their intercellular material. Hyaline cartilage found in movable joints such as the knee and shoulder becomes damaged as a result of age or trauma. The bodys thermostat is located in the ________. This line is called an intercalated disc: it assists in passing electrical impulse efficiently from one cell to the next and maintains the strong connection between neighboring cardiac cells. torpor: decrease in activity and metabolism that allows an animal to survive adverse conditions Animals have nerve and muscle tissues, which provide coordination and movement; these are not present in plants and fungi. Features Used to Classify Animals | OpenStax Biology 2e - Lumen Learning Back then, my views . Adipose is a connective tissue is made up of cells called adipocytes. Osteoblasts are active in making bone for growth and remodeling. Epithelial tissues cover, line, protect, and secrete; these tissues include the epidermis of the integument: the lining of the digestive tract and trachea. . Welcome to CK-12 Foundation | CK-12 Foundation For example, the average diameter of a primate red blood cell is 7.5 l, a dog is close at 7.0 l, but a cats RBC diameter is 5.9 l. This allows animals to survive in environments where they must compete with other species to meet their nutritional demands. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This germ layer gives rise to all specialized muscle tissues (including the cardiac tissues and muscles of the intestines), connective tissues such as the skeleton and blood cells, and most other visceral organs such as the kidneys and the spleen. Nervous tissues are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body. This cellular covering has cilia at the apical, or free, surface of the cells. The necessity to collect food has made most animals motile, at least during certain life stages. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells are involved in the filtering of blood in the kidney. Diploblastic organisms have two germ layers, endoderm and ectoderm. The three other clades do include animals with . The lacunae are randomly scattered throughout the tissue and the matrix takes on a milky or scrubbed appearance with routine histological stains. dorsal cavity: body cavity on the posterior or back portion of an animal; includes the cranial and vertebral cavities Watch a presentation by biologist E.O. Animals have a special ability to quickly . The matrix in connective tissues gives the tissue its density. There are four major types of tissues found in multicellular animals: e p . Features of the Animal Kingdom - Biology - UH Pressbooks Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Adipose tissue, or fat tissue, is considered a connective tissue even though it does not have fibroblasts or a real matrix and only has a few fibers. Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the animal and points of attachment for tendons. Squamous epithelia can be either simple or stratified. What animals do not have true tissues? - Sage-Answer (credit b: modification of work by Ed Uthman; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). Dish-shaped leaves, which grow above the flowering part of the vine, act like a radar . The blood has plenty of red blood cells. In birds and rattlesnakes, the female is the heterogametic (ZW) sex, so the only surviving progeny of post-meiotic parthenogenesis would be ZZ males. You can grab a couple to wipe a mess away. This process produces a diploid fertilized egg called a zygote. An added feature to cardiac muscle cells is a line than extends along the end of the cell as it abuts the next cardiac cell in the row. 27.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom - Biology 2e | OpenStax 15.2: Sponges and Cnidarians - Biology LibreTexts Cardiac muscle cells have striations, but, unlike the multinucleate skeletal cells, they have only one nucleus. This differentiation and specialization of tissues is part of what allows for such incredible animal diversity. Skeletal muscle has striations across its cells caused by the arrangement of the contractile proteins actin and myosin. This germ layer gives rise to all specialized muscle tissues (including the cardiac tissues and muscles of the intestines), connective tissues such as the skeleton and blood cells, and most other visceral organs such as the kidneys and the spleen. Although they do possess specialized cells that perform different functions, those cells are not organized into tissues. In addition, animals possess unique tissues, absent in fungi and plants, which allow coordination (nerve tissue) of motility (muscle tissue). This cluster of genes is responsible for determining the general body plan, such as the number of body segments of an animal, the number and placement of appendages, and animal head-tail directionality. 12.1 - Features of the Animal Kingdom - Biology 110 PSU Dubois - Unizin Marcgravia evenia is a flowering vine, found mostly in the Cuban rainforest, and it is mainly pollinated by bats. Loose connective tissue is found around every blood vessel and helps to keep the vessel in place. Regular fibrous connective tissue, shown in Figure 14.13, is found in tendons (which connect muscles to bones) and ligaments (which connect bones to bones). Collagen fibers are relatively wide and stain a light pink, while elastic fibers are thin and stain dark blue to black. Most animals are motile, at least during certain life stages. epithelial tissue: tissue that either lines or covers organs or other tissues then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo All animals are heterotrophs and thus derive energy from a variety of food sources. Without adequate organic material in the matrix, the tissue breaks; without adequate inorganic material in the matrix, the tissue bends. Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels are found in the central Haversian canal. All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, and almost all animals have a complex tissue structure with differentiated and specialized tissues. The complex bodies and activities of vertebrates demand such supportive tissues. Which of the following statements about types of epithelial cells is false? Cartilage is a connective tissue with a large amount of the matrix and variable amounts of fibers. Adipose tissue is made up of cells called adipocytes that collect and store fat in the form of triglycerides, for energy metabolism. { "27.1A:_Characteristics_of_the_Animal_Kingdom" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.
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do all animals have specialized tissues