Enterobacteria phage (lambda phage, coliphage ) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli. They then destroy, or lyse, the cell, releasing new phage particles. Hear a word and type it out. (biology) The normal process of viral reproduction involving penetration of the cell membrane, nucleic acid synthesis and lysis of the host cell. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. In integration into E. coli, this occurs by reciprocal recombination at a 15-base pair sequence known as the att site and is facilitated by the Int gene product. Lambda () is an example of a temperate bacteriophage. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Biology Online, its staff, or its partners. Lytic definition - Northwestern University Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Understanding the Lytic Cycle - What Are the Steps? See also: virus, reproduction. Lysogenic Cycle Like it? Wiktionary Advertisement Other Word Forms of Lytic-cycle Noun Singular: lytic-cycle Plural: lytic cycles Starts With Lysogenic Cycle - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics In prokaryotes this cycle is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the genome of the host bacterium . Lysogenic phages incorporate their nucleic acid into the chromosome of the host cell and replicate with. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The following article is a discussion of the steps to help you understand this process. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane. Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and typically carries only bacterial DNA and no viral DNA. Prophage reactivation in the case of phage appears to be an accurate recombinational repair process that is mediated by the recA+ and red+ gene products. The head contains 48,490 base pairs of double-stranded, linear DNA, with 12-base single-stranded segments at both 5 ends. [7], Exotoxins encoded by prophages cause pathogenic outcomes in agriculture and aquaculture.[9]. Once the virion has been assembled (8), it binds to the viral transmembrane proteins, nucleating an exocytic vesicle (10) which is the virion complete with viral envelope. In order for packaging into the tight space constraints afforded by capsids, viral genomes must be highly economical. Explanation: It is one of the cycles of a bacteriophage (virus) in which their is a master-slave relationship between the bacteriophage (master) and bacteria (slave). HIV has an envelope, which is studded with transmembrane proteins that are recognized by the host cell, binding the virus to the cell surface and initiating receptor-mediated endocytosis (1). To do this, viral promoters are usually much stronger than host cell promoters, simultaneously driving more viral gene expression while preventing host gene expression (by dedicating cellular resources to virus production). The virion is similar in structure to the T4 phage, but simpler. [8] This process is capable of converting non-pathogenic bacteria into pathogenic bacteria that can now produce harmful toxins[8] such as in staph infections. Lytic phages take over the machinery of the cell to make phage components. Figure 10.7 A. lytic cycle: the life cycle of a BACTERIOPHAGE in which many new phages are reproduced and the host bacterial cell undergoes LYSIS , the phages entering new bacterial hosts. When the partially encapsulated phage material infects another cell and becomes a prophage (is covalently bonded into the infected cells chromosome), the partially coded prophage DNA is called a heterogenote. { "7.11A:_Generalized_Recombination_and_RecA" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "7.11B:_Bacterial_Transformation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "7.11C:_Bacterial_Transduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "7.11D:_Prokaryotic_Reproduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "7.11E:_Complementation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "7.11F:_Gene_Transfer_in_Archaea" : "property get [Map 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https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(Boundless)%2F07%253A_Microbial_Genetics%2F7.11%253A_Genetic_Transfer_in_Prokaryotes%2F7.11C%253A_Bacterial_Transduction, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Fates of DNA Inserted into the Recipient Cell. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! lytic cycle: The normal process of viral reproduction involving penetration of the cell membrane, nucleic acid synthesis, and lysis of the host cell. Imagine a few bacteria that have floated off from the colony: if a phage infected a bacteria in the main colony, commandeering the bacteria to create thousands of viral particles, most of those particles would infect new hosts and make many thousands more soldiers in this viral army. Once infection is complete, the newly replicated and assembled virus particles are released through lysis of the host cell into the surrounding waters. Lytic Cycle - Definition, Steps and Quiz | Biology Dictionary We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website.
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lytic cycle definition biology