henry stafford, 1st duke of buckingham

His titles were forfeited along with the dukedom. [p] James Tait lists the daughters as Anne, Joan, Elizabeth, Margaret and Catherine and suggests that Elizabeth and Margaret never married. [11] He is sometimes identified as the Henry Stafford who sat for Stafford in the House of Commons in 1545 and 1547, but it is more likely that this was his illegitimate half-brother Henry Stafford. In preparation for his personal rule, the council reorganised Henry's Lancastrian estates to be under the control of local magnates. Then, says Griffiths, Buckingham proceeded to transfer it to one of his councillor's sons. The earldom of Temple of Stowe passed to his sister's son William Temple-Gore-Langton because the title had been created with a special remainder to her heirs male. This marriage had lasted only about a year and Margaret had given birth to her son, Henry Tudor, after Edmund's death. On the accession of Henry VIII Buckingham began to play an important role in political . [1] Anne Neville was a literary patron in her own right, also receiving a dedication in a copy of Scrope's translated Othea. With his death in 1687, the title again became extinct. [163] On the latter quality, Rawcliffe points to his reputation as a harsh taskmaster on his estates and his "offensive behaviour"[163] towards Joan of Arc. But Henry remained unable to respond. [138] This was demonstrated at the Battle of Ludford Bridge in October 1459, where his army played a decisive part in the defeat of the Yorkist forces. Mother. Buckingham did not lack the traits traditionally expected of the nobility in this period of the time, particularly, in dispute resolution, that of resorting to violence as a first rather than last resort. [66] Stafford personally arrested Malory on 25 July 1451. Stafford was the third husband of Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond. [1], Buckingham had named his wife Anne sole executrix of his will. Henry was the son of Anne Neville and Sir Humphery Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. [95] Following the rebellion, Buckingham and his retinue often acted as a bodyguard to the King. [118] Buckingham made what John Gillingham described as an "insidiously tempting suggestion"[119] that the Yorkists mull over the King's responses in Hatfield or Barnet overnight. [85], In September 1444, as reward for his loyal and continuous service to the Crown, he was created Duke of Buckingham. Between 1558 and 1559 he was the lord-lieutenant of Staffordshire, a role which included being appointed as clerk of the Peace. His son, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was restored to the title upon Henry VII's accession to the throne in 1485, but he was ultimately executed for treason in 1521 due to his opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Henry VIII's chief advisor. [140] With York in exile, Buckingham was granted custody of York's wife, Cecily, Duchess of York, whom, a chronicler reports, he treated harshly in her captivity. The decision to head for the town and not make a stand straight away may have been a tactical error;[109] the contemporary Short English Chronicle describes how the Lancastrians "strongly barred and arrayed for defence" immediately after they arrived. This gave Stafford responsibility for much of the north Midlands, which was the largest single area of the duchy to be delegated among the nobility. After the 1st Marquess of Buckingham's death in 1813, his titles passed to his son Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham. [145] Buckingham condemned the bishops who had accompanied the Yorkist army as well, telling them that they were not men of peace, but men of war, and there could now be no peace with Warwick. Under Queen Mary I, he converted back to Catholicism and translated two tracts by Erasmus against Luther, of which neither survives. For example, it had no walls, only a defensible ditch, and access to the south of the main street was easy. Here he maintained a permanent staff of at least forty people, as well as a large stable, and it was especially well-placed for recruiting retainers in the Welsh Marches, Staffordshire, and Cheshire. [5] He also paid for the wedding expenses, apart from Ursula's wedding clothes which were provided by her mother. Father. [140], From the moment the Duke of York and the Neville earls left England it was obvious to the government that they would return; the only question was when. [137] He had a bigger retinue than almost any other noble in England[136]and was still the only one who could match York in power and income. [41] Stafford's Thornbury manor was convenient for Bristol and was a stopping point to and from London. On his father's side, Stafford was descended from Edmund de Stafford, who had been summoned to Parliament as Lord Stafford in 1299. [7], In March 1471 Edward IV landed with a small army. [159] On Buckingham's estatesespecially on the Welsh marcheshe has been described as a "harsh and exacting landlord" in the lengths he went to in maximising his income. He was created a Baronet in 1755 and is the ancestor of the Sheffield Baronets, of Normanby. The King, with a smaller force[109] that nonetheless included important nobles such as Somerset, Northumberland, Clifford and Buckingham and his son Humphrey, Earl of Stafford,[110] was likewise marching from Westminster to Leicester, and in the early morning of 22 May, royal scouts reported the Yorkists as being only a few hours away. [22] The following year, he travelled to France with the King for Henry's French coronation, escorting him through the war-torn countryside. [8], Henry is believed to have suffered from the skin disease erysipelas, also known as "St Anthony's Fire" and thought at the time to be a form of leprosy. [149][l], Michael Hicks has noted that Buckingham was one of the few Lancastrian loyalists who was never accused by the Yorkists of being an "evil councillor",[152] even though he wasin Hicks's words"the substance and perhaps the steel within the ruling regime". When the King's cousin, Richard, Duke of York, rebelled two years later, Stafford investigated York's followers. [28] Since Perche was a frontier region, in a state of almost constant conflict,[32] whatever income the estate generated was immediately re-invested in its defence. Henry Stafford (known as Harry) was born in 1455, his father being Humphrey Stafford, son and heir to Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham (1478-1521) - Luminarium Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, in full Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, earl of Stafford, earl of Buckingham, Baron Stafford, comte de Perche, (born August 15, 1402died July 10, 1460, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), Lancastrian prominent in the Hundred Years' War in France and the Wars of the Roses in England. As his mother could not, by law, be his guardian,[8] Humphrey became a royal ward and was put under the guardianship of Henry IV's queen, Joan of Navarre. Corrections? The third creation of the dukedom, as Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, was in 1703 for John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave, 1st Marquess of Normanby, a notable Tory politician of the late Stuart period, who served under Queen Anne as Lord Privy Seal and Lord President of the Council. [90], With the outbreak of Jack Cade's rebellion, Buckingham summoned about seventy of his tenants from Staffordshire to accompany him while he was in London in May 1450. In 1547 he petitioned Parliament for restoration in blood, but did not claim any of his father's forfeited land or titles. In 1548 he published an English translation of the 1534 tract by Edward Foxe, as "The True Dyfferens Between the Royall Power and the Ecclesiasticall Power", (original Latin title De vera differentia regiae potestatis et ecclesiae). 1444), killed at Northampton in 1460, both fighting for Lancaster. The viscountcy of Cobham, which had also been created with a special remainder, passed to Charles Lyttelton, 5th Baron Lyttelton, a descendant of Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple's sister Christian, who had married Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet. Humphrey Stafford was born in Stafford sometime in December 1402. After the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos' death in 1861, the titles passed to his son, the third Duke. [130], York now had the political upper hand, made himself Constable of England and kept the King as a prisoner, returning to the role of Protector when Henry became ill again. On 11 February 1447, Buckingham was charged with the task of arresting the Henry VI's uncle, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. As a result, they gathered a small force and marched south. [47] By the 1450sa period beginning with political tension and ending with civil warStafford retained men specifically "to sojourn and ride" with him. This area was prone to regular lawlessness and particularly occupied his time as a royal justice. [12] Stafford was also chosen by the council to inform Beaufortnow a Cardinalthat he was to absent himself from Windsor until it was decided if he could carry out his traditional duty of Prelate to the Order of the Garter now that Pope Martin V had promoted him. [1] William Stafford, (b.1439,died in childhood) 9. [1], Around 1435, Stafford was granted the Honour of Tutbury, which he held until 1443. Contributor: Elizabeth Thompson (49171464) English Nobleman, Second Duke of Buckingham. The conspiracy was nominally led by Richard's former ally and first cousin once removed Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, although it had begun as a Woodville-Beaufort conspiracy (being "well under way" by the time of the duke's involvement). Through his mother he had royal descent from King Edward III, his great-grandfather, and from his father, he inherited, at an early age, the earldom of Stafford. [1], Humphrey Stafford married Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland, by Lady Joan Beaufort (Westmorland's second wife), at some point before 18 October 1424. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III 's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV 's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married . Edward Stafford was born on the 3rd of February 1478 to Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and his wife, Katherine Woodville. Lord Henry Stafford - Buckinghams Retinue Medieval Reenactment Group When the rebels returned the following year they attacked the royal army at Northampton. [1] On 31 August 1422, while campaigning, Henry V contracted dysentery and died. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Buckingham had apparently promised to give them 1,000 but died before acting on the promise. family. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. York demanded that Somerset be released into his custody, and the King replaced Somerset as Lord High Constable with Buckingham,[113] making Somerset subordinate. He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of the Princes in the Tower. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Humphrey Stafford KG (1402-1460) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree [83] He became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Constable of Dover Castle and Constable of Queenborough, on the Isle of Sheppey, in 1450. [2], He was born on 18 September 1501 at Penshurst Place in Kent, the only son and heir of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (14771521), of Stafford Castle in Staffordshire and of Thornbury Castle in Gloucestershire, by his wife Eleanor Percy, a daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert. When Elizabeth Woodville married the King of England her . HENRY STAFFORD, Second DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, 1 (1454-1483), was the son of Humphrey Stafford, killed at the first battle of St. Albans in 1455, and grandson of Humphrey the 1st Duke (cr. [46][47] On the other hand, the actual yield may have been lower; around 3,700:[48] rents, for example, were often difficult to collect. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, 6th Earl of Stafford, (15 August 1402 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman and a military commander in both the Hundred Years' War and in the Wars of the Roses. There were creations of double dukedoms of Buckingham and Normanby and of Buckingham and Chandos. Humphrey Stafford ( c. 1425 - 22 May 1458), generally known by his courtesy title of Earl of Stafford, was the eldest son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville (d. 1480). Henry Stafford (died 1471) - Wikiwand [179], Buckingham arranged good but costly marriages for three of his daughters. After digging for a fox above Kirkbymoorside, and being too far from his home in Helmsley, North Yorkshire, he died from a chill in the house of a tenant. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham - Alchetron [109], The King was lodged in the town and York, with Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and the Earl of Warwick, encamped to the south. [91] He was one of the lords commissioned to arrest the rebels as part of a forceful government response on 6 June 1450, and he acted as a negotiator with the insurgents at Blackheath ten days later. Partly due to a feud with a leading YorkistRichard Neville, Earl of WarwickStafford eventually declared for King Henry and the Duke of York was defeated in 1459, driving York into exile. Dunham, however, says that Humphrey was killed at the battle of St Albans in 1455. [3], Shortly afterwards, Edward purchased Henry Tudor's wardship for 1000 and placed him in the household of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, a staunch Yorkist. Although rarely in Calais, he was responsible for ensuring the garrison was paid, and it has been estimated that when he resigned and returned from the post in 1450, he was owed over 19,000 in back wages. The grant was based on Stafford's claim that the King had orally promised him this before dying. The marriage was relatively long and successful and coincided roughly with the minority of Margaret's son, the future Henry VII of England. Sir Henry Stafford[1] (c.1425 4 October 1471) was the second son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and Lady Joan Beaufort. [101] A year later, in August 1453, King Henry became ill, and slipped into a catatonic state; government slowly broke down. Stafford family. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham - Wikipedia [93] After the eventual defeat of the rebellion, Buckingham headed an investigatory commission designed to pacify rebellious Kent,[94] and in November that year he rode noisily through Londonwith a retinue of around 1,500 armed menwith the King and other peers, in a demonstration of royal authority intended to deter potential troublemakers in the future. Tait suggests that the proposal was in regard to Buckingham's eldest daughter while Rawcliffe indicates it was in respect to Anne. [1] "His landed resources matched his titles", explained Albert Compton-Reves, scattered as they were throughout England, Wales and Ireland,[43] with only the King and Richard, Duke of York wealthier. [110], The Yorkists realised what Buckingham"prevaricating with courtesy", says Armstrong[121]was trying to do and battle commenced while negotiations were still taking place: Richard, Earl of Warwick, launched a surprise attack at around ten o'clock in the morning. Katherine married John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, six years later. Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham | Facts & Biography [103] This parliament also appointed York as Protector of the Realm from 27 March 1454. According to Martin Wiggins of the Shakespeare Institute,[187] Buckingham may be the eponymous character of the early-17th-century play, Duke Humphrey, which is now lost. The battle was soon over, and had lasted between half an hour[118] and an hour[123] with only about 50 casualties. In 1453, the King became ill and sank into a catatonic state; law and order broke down further and when civil war began in 1455, Stafford fought for the King in the First Battle of St Albans which began the Wars of the Roses. The Duke paid a midwife 10, Richard Stafford, who married Mary Corbet, a daughter of John Corbet of Lee in, Elizabeth Stafford, married Sir William Neville, Anne Stafford, married Sir Henry Williams, This page was last edited on 19 May 2023, at 17:30. [139][136] Following their defeat, York and the Neville earls fled Ludlow and went into exile; York to Ireland, the earls to Calais. Anne lists her still-living children in her will of 1480: her "son Buckingham"meaning her grandson Henryand "my daughter Beaumond", "my son of Wiltshire", "my daughter of Richmond" and "my daughter Mountjoy". His mother was Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmond Beaufort and cousin of Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. [12], Stafford had an extensive library of about 300 books, mostly in Latin. Sir Humphrey Stafford, Earl Stafford (1424 - 1455) - Genealogy - Geni.com Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham - Wikidata He would, when they married, assign certain estates to hera, The feudal system was based on the premise that all land belonged to the King. [76] Before his departure for Calais in September 1442, the garrison had revolted and seized the Staple's wool in lieu of unpaid wages. Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, in full Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, earl of Stafford, earl of Buckingham, Baron Stafford, comte de Perche, (born August 15, 1402died July 10, 1460, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), Lancastrian prominent in the Hundred Years War in France and the Wars of the Roses in England. [65] In another episode, Malory stole deer from the earl's park at Caludon. [13][b], The new king, Henry VI, was still only a baby, so the lords decided that the dead King's brothersJohn, Duke of Bedford and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucesterwould have to be prominent in this minority government. Henry was reluctant to commit himself, and adopted delaying tactics. [102] Buckingham took part in the council meeting which resulted in the arrest and subsequent year-long imprisonment of the Duke of Somerset. For instance, in September 1429, following an altercation with his brother-in-law the Earl of Huntingdon, he arrived at parliament fully armed. [41][e], Stafford's mother's death in 1438 transformed his fiscal position. He died on 30 April 1563, at the age of 61, at Caus Castle in Shropshire,[1] the seat of the Corbet family. [87] Three years later he was granted precedence over all English dukes not of royal blood. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 1454 - 1483 [5] As part of the marriage settlement the Countess settled lands in Somerset and Devon worth 700 marks on the couple and their children and the Duke of Buckingham contributed lands worth 500 as Ursula's jointure. [132] Here, with other lords, he tried to persuade the King to impose a settlement, and at the same time declared that anyone who resorted to violence would receive "ther deserte"[133]which included any who attacked York. Stafford received a pledge from the council that if such a situation arose again during his tenure, he would not be held responsible. Acting as the King's personal guard in the ensuing struggle, Stafford was killed and the King was again taken prisoner.

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